Icons won't show up on the GNOME 3 desktop. Terminal commands or Tweak Tool won't work.
5 Answers
The GNOME 3 DE is designed to be used without having icons on the desktop, so desktop icons are not supported on the standard GNOME 3 desktop environment. But for users who want to work with icons on the desktop, an alternative is offered. You'll have to log out and switch the user session to GNOME Classic mode. Log back in and now you are able to use desktop icons in GNOME DE.
5This seems to be solved in Ubuntu 17.10 (currently in development).
1Gnome on Wayland doesn't support icons.
1You can enable Gnome desktop icons, whether you're on Wayland or Xorg. Open a terminal and enter the following command (for a more detailed answer, see my answer here):
sudo setcap -r /usr/bin/gnome-shellHope it helps. :)
2Install Gnome shell desktop-icons extension
To install it directly from the browser (firefox/chrome) you can install the chrome gnome shell package,
sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shellas well as the extension for your browser, firefox or chrome.